Schedule | TEDxNTUA 2019

Time	Main stage
11:15	Michael Spengos A child's drawing in the convention of the universe How does a nuclear physicist turned writer, perceive the concept of Enigma? (11:15-11:35)
	Michael Spengos studied nuclear physics. He graduated from AUTH, the American University of DC and Stanford California and devoted a large part of his life in the study of subatomic particles. In 1998, he quits, to pursue his true calling, writing. Ever since, he has written a plethora of novels, short stories and theatrical plays. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA19, Michael Spengos will present his own enigma, in his favorite way: storytelling.
11:35	Evanthia Hatziminaoglou The endless cosmic quest The Big Bang, dark matter, black holes: cosmic puzzles and human answers. (11:35-11:55)
	Evanthia Hatziminaoglou is a Ph.D. astrophysicist at the European Southern Observatory (ESO). She studied Physics at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and holds a master’s degree and a PhD in Astrophysics from the University Paul Sabatier in Toulouse, France. Her research focuses on active galaxies: galaxies that harbour supermassive black holes in their centres, accreting material and releasing tremendous amounts of energy, directly affecting the growth of the galaxies themselves. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA “Enigma” she will explore the answers contemporary Astronomy has to offer, along with the #enigma each and every new answer brings forth.
11:55	Kastler Skjeseth Architects Drawing on what's there RE- discovering the existing. (11:55-12:15)
	Kastler Skjeseth Architects is an Oslo-based practice founded by Amandine Kastler and Erlend Skjeseth, which focuses on existing buildings and heritage environments in Norway and the UK. They engage with alternative forms of preservation, utilizing existing qualities of a place to shape their design practice. They teach at the Oslo School of Architecture and Design (AHO) in Oslo and the Architectural Association (AA) in London, and they are co-founders of the AΑ´s drawing workshop ‘AAVS Lyngør, The Island Reader’. The annual workshop serves as a research platform, investigating the instrumentalization of the architectural survey as a tool to identify and communicate a spectrum of nuanced approaches towards the existing. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA19 they will talk about the enigmatic never-ending process of investigating a place via drawing methods.
12:15	Ivan Yamshchikov Poetic machines: enigma of language What can be considered art? Could we create a music album that contains AI-generated poetry in the style of Kurt Cobain? (12:15-12:35)
	Dr. Ivan P. Yamshchikov is a researcher for artificial intelligence and cognition in Max Planck Institute, in Leipzig. He popularizes artificial intelligence and its versatile industrial applications. He is also the co-founder of “Creaited Labs” - a project aimed to develop creative potential of artificial intelligence. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA2019, he will talk about the artistic side of artificial intelligence, exploring the #enigma of creativity.
15:00	Delft Hyperloop Team Hyperloop: challenging the future of transportation How do we visualize the transportation of the future? (15:00-15:20)
	Delft Hyperloop is a student team from Delft University of Technology, in the Netherlands. With 39 engineers, they are competing in the 2019 SpaceX Hyperloop Pod Competition. The goal? The creation of a concept vehicle that can travel in a vacuum tube with speeds exceeding 1000 km/hr! The reason? The transportation industry is in need of a new, innovative form of transportation: the Hyperloop. Team members Lanke Yin (Design Engineer) and Rieneke van Noort (Team Captain) will talk on the stage of #TEDxNTUA2019 about the development of this new, filled with enigma, form of transportation and the problems that come with it.
15:20	Marianna Diamantopoulou A dive in the enigma of advanced materials Does mankind have any power over the matter that surrounds it? Is it possible to create new materials with the properties and the characteristics that suit our needs? (15:20-15:40)
	Marianna Diamantopoulou is a Ph.D. candidate at ETH Zurich. Her scientific interest focuses on the mechanical properties of nano- and micro- structures from varied materials. Recently, part of the research by her team concerning the stiffest porous materials ever created was published in the magazine “Advanced Materials”. This year, on the stage of #TEDxNTUA2019, Marianna Diamantopoulou will showcase the methods that she and her team use in order to solve the enigma of advanced materials.
15:40	Gábor Vásárhelyi Bio-inspired collective behavior of autonomous drone swarms Can nature help us develop new technologies? Could for a example, a swarm of drones develop collective intelligence? (15:40-16:00)
	Gábor Vásárhelyi is a Ph.D. researcher in the field of collective behavior and movement of animals and drones. He studied engineering and physics in the technical university of Budapest while he completed his doctoral thesis in the field of info-bionics at the Péter Pázmány Catholic University. Today, he is the head researcher of the robotics lab of Eötvös University, while, he is also the CEO of “CollMot Entertainment”, which offers “multi-drone” entertainment services. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA19, Gábor Vásárhelyi will showcase the enigma of collective behavior and intelligence that is being “copied” during the creation of an autonomous swarm of drones.
16:00	En Route Architects The power of constraints How do restrictions create innovation? (16:00-16:20)
	En-Route is an international architecture team based in Athens. Founded by Hannes Livers Gutberlet and Katerina Kourkoula, they treat design as a process of analytical research, unique for every project. Hannes studied Economics in EBS University and Architecture in TU Delft, M.I.T. and ETH while he has worked for Architectuurstudio Herman Hertzberger, OMA and Urban Think Tank. He is a PhD candidate at ETH Zurich. Katerina studied Architecture at Bartlett, UCL and at the Cooper Union where she received the ‘AIA School Meda’ and ‘The Certificate of Merit’. She has worked for Buschow Henley and Lot-Ek. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA19 they will talk about the enigma of the ideal city and the inversion of public perception towards space in post - crisis Athens.
18:30	Ioannis Tassopoulos The enigmatic certainty regarding the others and the role of Law Science How is the concept of “the Man of the Clapham Omnibus” defined in Public Law? (18:30-18:50)
	Ioannis A. Tassopoulos is a Professor of Public Law at the University of Athens and attorney at law. He is a graduate of the University of Athens and of the Duke Law School. In tandem with constitutional law, he has studied extensively political philosophy, jurisprudence and history of the law while he displays a wealth of author work. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA2019 he will approach the concept of #Enigma through the problematic certainty against others, the shaping of the hypothetical “ordinary and reasonable” person and the role of Law Science.
18:50	Fotis Liarokapis Brain Computer Interfaces and Virtual Reality: the future of interfaces? Is it possible to connect our brain to an external machine? What is the future of this kind of interfaces? (18:50-19:10)
	Fotis Liarokapis is an Associate Professor and the director of the Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory at Masaryk University. Ηe has served as the Director of Interactive Worlds Applied Research Group at Coventry University and a research fellow at the Serious Games Institute. He has organised multiple conferences and workshops and he is the co-founder of VS-Games international conference. In #TEDxNTUA19 he will present the #Enigma of the brain and its connection to external machines as well as the role of virtual reality in human evolution.
19:10	Eleni Diamanti Sending secret messages in a quantum world Would it be possible to solve computational problems in mere seconds, that would otherwise require more time than the age of the universe itself? (19:10-19:30)
	Eleni Diamanti is a CNRS researcher at Sorbonne University in Paris, France. She graduated from NTUA and completed her Ph.D. thesis in Stanford University. Her research focuses on experimental quantum cryptography and communication complexity, and on the development of photonic resources for quantum networks. Elected vice-president of the Paris Centre for Quantum Computing she also serves as Associate Editor for “Science Advances” and “Quantum Science and Technology”. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA19 Eleni Diamanti will discuss the enigma of Quantum cryptography and its numerous applications.
19:30	Manolis Korres Unresolved architectural problems Τhe man who rebuild the Parthenon... (19:30-19:50)
	Manolis Korres is an architect-engineer, emeritus professor at NTUΑ, president of the Acropolis Restoration Committee and Member of the Central Archaeological Council of Greece. He has worked in the surveying and restoration of the Acropolis’ monuments. Recipient of many medals and international awards, he also has a prolific body of work to display as an author. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA2019, he will approach the topic of Enigma, starting with an acknowledgment that is rarely discussed: Unsolved problems are not only a matter of mathematics, but exist in architecture too.

Time	Performances
14:45	Dafne and the Fuzz Daphne Lz from Daphne and the Fuzz The stage of #TEDxNTUA19 welcomes a unique performer, the lead singer Daphne Lz from “Daphne and the Fuzz”. (14:45-15:00)
	Daphne and the Fuzz's first album was released in 2016 and tracks such as “Unexistable” and “Burn Down your House” were loved by the alternative radio stations in Athens. Two years later, “Daphne and the Fuzz” released the "2AM" album inspired by the electronic scene in France, focusing on dance beats and dreamy synths. They have appeared in many greek festivals and music venues, and in 2016 they opened the concert of Lana Del Rey at Rockwave Festival. Daphne Lz is currently testing the concept of “one-woman show” in an electronic set that supports the sound of their new album filled with Enigma.
18:15	Manos Angelakis Manos Angelakis The second performance on the stage of TEDxNTUA, will be by Manos Anglelakis! (18:15-18:30)
	Manos Angelakis is a singer and songwriter who lives and writes in Athens. He has realeased the EP “Goldfish Memory” and the LP “The Circle of Influence” in collaboration with “Bashment Records”. Tracks such as “Who’s That Man” and “Someday”, only few days after their initial release, were widely recognized by artistic crowd and were re-played extensively on radio stations like “Pepper 96,6”. His music is a mix of Rock, Funk & Blues with visible vintage influences.

Time	Side events
11:15	Kyma Project Kinetic Improvisation Games Inclusive Dance (11:15-12:15)
	During this workshop, the team of “KYMA Project” will help participants to get an idea of motion improvisation exercises. More specifically, the aim of these exercises is to practice non-verbal communication and to create motion patterns that arise from "dialogue" with the group or an individual partner. These exercises are accessible to everyone regardless of experience, age or disability.
12:30	Kyma Project Kinetic Improvisation Games Inclusive Dance (12:30-13:30)
	During this workshop, the team of “KYMA Project” will help participants to get an idea of motion improvisation exercises. More specifically, the aim of these exercises is to practice non-verbal communication and to create motion patterns that arise from "dialogue" with the group or an individual partner. These exercises are accessible to everyone regardless of experience, age or disability.
13:15	Alexandra Vassiliou The Enigma of Communication Experiential Workshop on Communication (13:15-14:15)
	Alexandra Vassiliou shares with us: “Why is the message we send not always the one that the other person receives? How does our perception of the other person, and of ourselves affect the way we communicate? In this workshop we will explore the enigmas in communication between people. Taking advantage of experiential practices we will ask ourselves about our own way of communication and its enigmas, that may hide more gifts than we think.”
14:00	IEEE NTUA Student Branch Arduino workshop Build your own distance sensor (14:00-15:00)
	In this workshop, the Robotics and Automation Society, part of the NTUA Student Branch IEEE, will demonstrate to the participants, the construction and programming of an automated Arduino based microprocessor system which will detect the distance using an ultrasonic sensor and alert about it.
14:15	VR Planet VR Planet The ultimate experience of Virtual Reality! (14:15-18:15)
	At VR PLANET, VR Technology is transformed into a valuable experiential knowledge tool, in fields almost uncharted and unknown to most of us. Through a journey of personal exploration into space, time & human psyche, the participants will re-discover History, Journey, Art, Planets, the Seabed, and they come into contact with Phobias, Dementia, Empathy, Autism. The Future Is Already HERE!
15:30	Apostolos P. Garoufos Hands on Braille Get to know Braille (15:30-16:30)
	In this workshop, Apostolos P. Garoufos will familiarize participants with Braille both in writing and reading. They are going to learn to write on the computer in Braille, as if it were a typewriter. They will feel the magic of this writing method and where they can recognize it in their everyday life.
17:00	Pavlos Kastanas Astronio Quiz Discovering the universe (17:00-18:00)
	In TEDxNTUA, Pavlos Kastanas, also known as “Astronio” will conduct an astronomical quiz with the purpose of combining fun with knowledge. In this game the participants are organized into groups and answer questions from the magical world of astronomy. In the end, the best teams compete with each other in order for a winning team to prevail.
17:05	E Y EY Cryptanalysis The enigma of cryprtanalysis meets TEDxNTUA (17:05-18:35)
	In this workshop, participants will have the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the concept of cryptanalysis through a structured course. They will solve cryptanalysis problems of beginner and intermediate difficulty and deciphering cryptographic messages.

Time	Main stage	Performances	Side events
11:15	Michael Spengos A child's drawing in the convention of the universe How does a nuclear physicist turned writer, perceive the concept of Enigma? (11:15-11:35)		Kyma Project Kinetic Improvisation Games Inclusive Dance (11:15-12:15)
	Michael Spengos studied nuclear physics. He graduated from AUTH, the American University of DC and Stanford California and devoted a large part of his life in the study of subatomic particles. In 1998, he quits, to pursue his true calling, writing. Ever since, he has written a plethora of novels, short stories and theatrical plays. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA19, Michael Spengos will present his own enigma, in his favorite way: storytelling.		During this workshop, the team of “KYMA Project” will help participants to get an idea of motion improvisation exercises. More specifically, the aim of these exercises is to practice non-verbal communication and to create motion patterns that arise from "dialogue" with the group or an individual partner. These exercises are accessible to everyone regardless of experience, age or disability.
11:35	Evanthia Hatziminaoglou The endless cosmic quest The Big Bang, dark matter, black holes: cosmic puzzles and human answers. (11:35-11:55)
	Evanthia Hatziminaoglou is a Ph.D. astrophysicist at the European Southern Observatory (ESO). She studied Physics at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and holds a master’s degree and a PhD in Astrophysics from the University Paul Sabatier in Toulouse, France. Her research focuses on active galaxies: galaxies that harbour supermassive black holes in their centres, accreting material and releasing tremendous amounts of energy, directly affecting the growth of the galaxies themselves. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA “Enigma” she will explore the answers contemporary Astronomy has to offer, along with the #enigma each and every new answer brings forth.
11:55	Kastler Skjeseth Architects Drawing on what's there RE- discovering the existing. (11:55-12:15)
	Kastler Skjeseth Architects is an Oslo-based practice founded by Amandine Kastler and Erlend Skjeseth, which focuses on existing buildings and heritage environments in Norway and the UK. They engage with alternative forms of preservation, utilizing existing qualities of a place to shape their design practice. They teach at the Oslo School of Architecture and Design (AHO) in Oslo and the Architectural Association (AA) in London, and they are co-founders of the AΑ´s drawing workshop ‘AAVS Lyngør, The Island Reader’. The annual workshop serves as a research platform, investigating the instrumentalization of the architectural survey as a tool to identify and communicate a spectrum of nuanced approaches towards the existing. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA19 they will talk about the enigmatic never-ending process of investigating a place via drawing methods.
12:15	Ivan Yamshchikov Poetic machines: enigma of language What can be considered art? Could we create a music album that contains AI-generated poetry in the style of Kurt Cobain? (12:15-12:35)
	Dr. Ivan P. Yamshchikov is a researcher for artificial intelligence and cognition in Max Planck Institute, in Leipzig. He popularizes artificial intelligence and its versatile industrial applications. He is also the co-founder of “Creaited Labs” - a project aimed to develop creative potential of artificial intelligence. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA2019, he will talk about the artistic side of artificial intelligence, exploring the #enigma of creativity.
12:30			Kyma Project Kinetic Improvisation Games Inclusive Dance (12:30-13:30)
			During this workshop, the team of “KYMA Project” will help participants to get an idea of motion improvisation exercises. More specifically, the aim of these exercises is to practice non-verbal communication and to create motion patterns that arise from "dialogue" with the group or an individual partner. These exercises are accessible to everyone regardless of experience, age or disability.
13:15			Alexandra Vassiliou The Enigma of Communication Experiential Workshop on Communication (13:15-14:15)
			Alexandra Vassiliou shares with us: “Why is the message we send not always the one that the other person receives? How does our perception of the other person, and of ourselves affect the way we communicate? In this workshop we will explore the enigmas in communication between people. Taking advantage of experiential practices we will ask ourselves about our own way of communication and its enigmas, that may hide more gifts than we think.”
14:00			IEEE NTUA Student Branch Arduino workshop Build your own distance sensor (14:00-15:00)
			In this workshop, the Robotics and Automation Society, part of the NTUA Student Branch IEEE, will demonstrate to the participants, the construction and programming of an automated Arduino based microprocessor system which will detect the distance using an ultrasonic sensor and alert about it.
14:15			VR Planet VR Planet The ultimate experience of Virtual Reality! (14:15-18:15)
			At VR PLANET, VR Technology is transformed into a valuable experiential knowledge tool, in fields almost uncharted and unknown to most of us. Through a journey of personal exploration into space, time & human psyche, the participants will re-discover History, Journey, Art, Planets, the Seabed, and they come into contact with Phobias, Dementia, Empathy, Autism. The Future Is Already HERE!
14:45		Dafne and the Fuzz Daphne Lz from Daphne and the Fuzz The stage of #TEDxNTUA19 welcomes a unique performer, the lead singer Daphne Lz from “Daphne and the Fuzz”. (14:45-15:00)
		Daphne and the Fuzz's first album was released in 2016 and tracks such as “Unexistable” and “Burn Down your House” were loved by the alternative radio stations in Athens. Two years later, “Daphne and the Fuzz” released the "2AM" album inspired by the electronic scene in France, focusing on dance beats and dreamy synths. They have appeared in many greek festivals and music venues, and in 2016 they opened the concert of Lana Del Rey at Rockwave Festival. Daphne Lz is currently testing the concept of “one-woman show” in an electronic set that supports the sound of their new album filled with Enigma.
15:00	Delft Hyperloop Team Hyperloop: challenging the future of transportation How do we visualize the transportation of the future? (15:00-15:20)
	Delft Hyperloop is a student team from Delft University of Technology, in the Netherlands. With 39 engineers, they are competing in the 2019 SpaceX Hyperloop Pod Competition. The goal? The creation of a concept vehicle that can travel in a vacuum tube with speeds exceeding 1000 km/hr! The reason? The transportation industry is in need of a new, innovative form of transportation: the Hyperloop. Team members Lanke Yin (Design Engineer) and Rieneke van Noort (Team Captain) will talk on the stage of #TEDxNTUA2019 about the development of this new, filled with enigma, form of transportation and the problems that come with it.
15:20	Marianna Diamantopoulou A dive in the enigma of advanced materials Does mankind have any power over the matter that surrounds it? Is it possible to create new materials with the properties and the characteristics that suit our needs? (15:20-15:40)
	Marianna Diamantopoulou is a Ph.D. candidate at ETH Zurich. Her scientific interest focuses on the mechanical properties of nano- and micro- structures from varied materials. Recently, part of the research by her team concerning the stiffest porous materials ever created was published in the magazine “Advanced Materials”. This year, on the stage of #TEDxNTUA2019, Marianna Diamantopoulou will showcase the methods that she and her team use in order to solve the enigma of advanced materials.
15:30			Apostolos P. Garoufos Hands on Braille Get to know Braille (15:30-16:30)
			In this workshop, Apostolos P. Garoufos will familiarize participants with Braille both in writing and reading. They are going to learn to write on the computer in Braille, as if it were a typewriter. They will feel the magic of this writing method and where they can recognize it in their everyday life.
15:40	Gábor Vásárhelyi Bio-inspired collective behavior of autonomous drone swarms Can nature help us develop new technologies? Could for a example, a swarm of drones develop collective intelligence? (15:40-16:00)
	Gábor Vásárhelyi is a Ph.D. researcher in the field of collective behavior and movement of animals and drones. He studied engineering and physics in the technical university of Budapest while he completed his doctoral thesis in the field of info-bionics at the Péter Pázmány Catholic University. Today, he is the head researcher of the robotics lab of Eötvös University, while, he is also the CEO of “CollMot Entertainment”, which offers “multi-drone” entertainment services. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA19, Gábor Vásárhelyi will showcase the enigma of collective behavior and intelligence that is being “copied” during the creation of an autonomous swarm of drones.
16:00	En Route Architects The power of constraints How do restrictions create innovation? (16:00-16:20)
	En-Route is an international architecture team based in Athens. Founded by Hannes Livers Gutberlet and Katerina Kourkoula, they treat design as a process of analytical research, unique for every project. Hannes studied Economics in EBS University and Architecture in TU Delft, M.I.T. and ETH while he has worked for Architectuurstudio Herman Hertzberger, OMA and Urban Think Tank. He is a PhD candidate at ETH Zurich. Katerina studied Architecture at Bartlett, UCL and at the Cooper Union where she received the ‘AIA School Meda’ and ‘The Certificate of Merit’. She has worked for Buschow Henley and Lot-Ek. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA19 they will talk about the enigma of the ideal city and the inversion of public perception towards space in post - crisis Athens.
17:00			Pavlos Kastanas Astronio Quiz Discovering the universe (17:00-18:00)
			In TEDxNTUA, Pavlos Kastanas, also known as “Astronio” will conduct an astronomical quiz with the purpose of combining fun with knowledge. In this game the participants are organized into groups and answer questions from the magical world of astronomy. In the end, the best teams compete with each other in order for a winning team to prevail.
17:05			E Y EY Cryptanalysis The enigma of cryprtanalysis meets TEDxNTUA (17:05-18:35)
			In this workshop, participants will have the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the concept of cryptanalysis through a structured course. They will solve cryptanalysis problems of beginner and intermediate difficulty and deciphering cryptographic messages.
18:15		Manos Angelakis Manos Angelakis The second performance on the stage of TEDxNTUA, will be by Manos Anglelakis! (18:15-18:30)
		Manos Angelakis is a singer and songwriter who lives and writes in Athens. He has realeased the EP “Goldfish Memory” and the LP “The Circle of Influence” in collaboration with “Bashment Records”. Tracks such as “Who’s That Man” and “Someday”, only few days after their initial release, were widely recognized by artistic crowd and were re-played extensively on radio stations like “Pepper 96,6”. His music is a mix of Rock, Funk & Blues with visible vintage influences.
18:30	Ioannis Tassopoulos The enigmatic certainty regarding the others and the role of Law Science How is the concept of “the Man of the Clapham Omnibus” defined in Public Law? (18:30-18:50)
	Ioannis A. Tassopoulos is a Professor of Public Law at the University of Athens and attorney at law. He is a graduate of the University of Athens and of the Duke Law School. In tandem with constitutional law, he has studied extensively political philosophy, jurisprudence and history of the law while he displays a wealth of author work. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA2019 he will approach the concept of #Enigma through the problematic certainty against others, the shaping of the hypothetical “ordinary and reasonable” person and the role of Law Science.
18:50	Fotis Liarokapis Brain Computer Interfaces and Virtual Reality: the future of interfaces? Is it possible to connect our brain to an external machine? What is the future of this kind of interfaces? (18:50-19:10)
	Fotis Liarokapis is an Associate Professor and the director of the Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory at Masaryk University. Ηe has served as the Director of Interactive Worlds Applied Research Group at Coventry University and a research fellow at the Serious Games Institute. He has organised multiple conferences and workshops and he is the co-founder of VS-Games international conference. In #TEDxNTUA19 he will present the #Enigma of the brain and its connection to external machines as well as the role of virtual reality in human evolution.
19:10	Eleni Diamanti Sending secret messages in a quantum world Would it be possible to solve computational problems in mere seconds, that would otherwise require more time than the age of the universe itself? (19:10-19:30)
	Eleni Diamanti is a CNRS researcher at Sorbonne University in Paris, France. She graduated from NTUA and completed her Ph.D. thesis in Stanford University. Her research focuses on experimental quantum cryptography and communication complexity, and on the development of photonic resources for quantum networks. Elected vice-president of the Paris Centre for Quantum Computing she also serves as Associate Editor for “Science Advances” and “Quantum Science and Technology”. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA19 Eleni Diamanti will discuss the enigma of Quantum cryptography and its numerous applications.
19:30	Manolis Korres Unresolved architectural problems Τhe man who rebuild the Parthenon... (19:30-19:50)
	Manolis Korres is an architect-engineer, emeritus professor at NTUΑ, president of the Acropolis Restoration Committee and Member of the Central Archaeological Council of Greece. He has worked in the surveying and restoration of the Acropolis’ monuments. Recipient of many medals and international awards, he also has a prolific body of work to display as an author. On the stage of #TEDxNTUA2019, he will approach the topic of Enigma, starting with an acknowledgment that is rarely discussed: Unsolved problems are not only a matter of mathematics, but exist in architecture too.